b anthracis sterne 34f2 b cereus atcc 4342  (ATCC)

Journal: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology

Article Title: Lysins as a powerful alternative to combat Bacillus anthracis

doi: 10.1007/s00253-024-13194-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: Summary of in vitro activity assays of phage lysins or lysins of phage origin lytic against B. anthracis . Cases where B. cereus RSVF1/ATCC 4342 was used, but not anthrax strains, are also included

Article Snippet: 15. , PlyL (WP_000405801.1) , Prophage Lambda Ba02 , B. anthracis Ames , Amidase , 234 , B. anthracis : Sterne 34F2 B. cereus : ATCC 4342 , Turbidity reduction , Low et al. .

Techniques: In Vitro, Activity Assay, Bacteria, Spot Test, Time-Kill Assay

Journal: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology

Article Title: Lysins as a powerful alternative to combat Bacillus anthracis

doi: 10.1007/s00253-024-13194-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: Outcomes of in vivo B. anthracis lysins activity assays

Article Snippet: 15. , PlyL (WP_000405801.1) , Prophage Lambda Ba02 , B. anthracis Ames , Amidase , 234 , B. anthracis : Sterne 34F2 B. cereus : ATCC 4342 , Turbidity reduction , Low et al. .

Techniques: In Vivo, Activity Assay, Bacteria, Animal Model, Injection

Journal: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology

Article Title: Lysins as a powerful alternative to combat Bacillus anthracis

doi: 10.1007/s00253-024-13194-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: Summary of in vitro activity assays of phage lysins or lysins of phage origin lytic against B. anthracis . Cases where B. cereus RSVF1/ATCC 4342 was used, but not anthrax strains, are also included

Article Snippet: 13. , PlyB (YP_009031336) , Bcp1 , B. anthracis RS222 ( B. cereus according to NCBI) , Lysozyme , 284 , B. cereus : ATCC 4342 B. anthracis : Sterne 34F2, ΔSterne, RS222 (Spo−, ΔSterne) B. cereus : ATCC 4342 (γ-sensitive), E33L (Zebra killer), CDC 32,805 (γ-sensitive), CDC 13,100, CDC 13,140, ATCC 10,987, ATCC 14,579, ATCC 11,950, ATCC 13,472, ATCC 9592, ATCC 25,621, ATCC 43,881, ATCC 14,893, ATCC 27,877, ATCC 7064, T, NRRL 569, RTS 134, RTS 100, HER 1414, DP.B4833 (UM101), DP.B5129 (UM101:: φZ1), DP.B5184 (UM101::φZ3), DP.B5185 (UM101:: φZ4), DP.B5208 (S58), DP. B5209 (UM101:: φS58), BGSC 6A6, BGSC 6E1, 03BB108, AH187, D-17, D-33, 3 A, 03BB87, S2-8, 03BB102, NE-chicken, F4431/73, F4433/73, F1589/77, FM-1, F2105/89, F837/76, F3748/75 B. thuringiensis : 97–27 (human, necrosis), Al Hakam, HD-73 kurstaki , HD-1 kurstaki , HD-4 alesti , HD-30 canadensis , HD-135 aizawai , HD-453 kenyae , HD-538 tolworthi , HD-571 kyushuensis , HD-682 finitimus , HD-819 yunnanensis , HD-866 tohokuensis , HD-868 tochigiensis , HD-974 nigeriae , HD-1011 pondicheriensis , DP.B5135 brasiliensis , DP.B5132, BGSC 4BR1 poloniensis , BGSC 4BU1 pirenaica , BGSC 4I1 entomocidus , BGSC 4J1 pacificus , DP.B5198, DP.B5199, HER 1410 B. mycoides : BGSC 6A13, BGSC 6A19, ATCC 6462, ATCC 23,258, BGSC 6A11, BGSC 6A12, BGSC 6A14 , Turbidity reduction , Porter et al. Schuch et al. .

Techniques: In Vitro, Activity Assay, Bacteria, Spot Test, Time-Kill Assay

Journal: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology

Article Title: Lysins as a powerful alternative to combat Bacillus anthracis

doi: 10.1007/s00253-024-13194-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: Outcomes of in vivo B. anthracis lysins activity assays

Article Snippet: 13. , PlyB (YP_009031336) , Bcp1 , B. anthracis RS222 ( B. cereus according to NCBI) , Lysozyme , 284 , B. cereus : ATCC 4342 B. anthracis : Sterne 34F2, ΔSterne, RS222 (Spo−, ΔSterne) B. cereus : ATCC 4342 (γ-sensitive), E33L (Zebra killer), CDC 32,805 (γ-sensitive), CDC 13,100, CDC 13,140, ATCC 10,987, ATCC 14,579, ATCC 11,950, ATCC 13,472, ATCC 9592, ATCC 25,621, ATCC 43,881, ATCC 14,893, ATCC 27,877, ATCC 7064, T, NRRL 569, RTS 134, RTS 100, HER 1414, DP.B4833 (UM101), DP.B5129 (UM101:: φZ1), DP.B5184 (UM101::φZ3), DP.B5185 (UM101:: φZ4), DP.B5208 (S58), DP. B5209 (UM101:: φS58), BGSC 6A6, BGSC 6E1, 03BB108, AH187, D-17, D-33, 3 A, 03BB87, S2-8, 03BB102, NE-chicken, F4431/73, F4433/73, F1589/77, FM-1, F2105/89, F837/76, F3748/75 B. thuringiensis : 97–27 (human, necrosis), Al Hakam, HD-73 kurstaki , HD-1 kurstaki , HD-4 alesti , HD-30 canadensis , HD-135 aizawai , HD-453 kenyae , HD-538 tolworthi , HD-571 kyushuensis , HD-682 finitimus , HD-819 yunnanensis , HD-866 tohokuensis , HD-868 tochigiensis , HD-974 nigeriae , HD-1011 pondicheriensis , DP.B5135 brasiliensis , DP.B5132, BGSC 4BR1 poloniensis , BGSC 4BU1 pirenaica , BGSC 4I1 entomocidus , BGSC 4J1 pacificus , DP.B5198, DP.B5199, HER 1410 B. mycoides : BGSC 6A13, BGSC 6A19, ATCC 6462, ATCC 23,258, BGSC 6A11, BGSC 6A12, BGSC 6A14 , Turbidity reduction , Porter et al. Schuch et al. .

Techniques: In Vivo, Activity Assay, Bacteria, Animal Model, Injection

Journal: Microbiology Spectrum

Article Title: Genetic basis of clarithromycin resistance in Bacillus anthracis

doi: 10.1128/spectrum.04180-23

Figure Lengend Snippet: Summary of isolates

Article Snippet: The avirulent B. anthracis Sterne (lacking plasmid pXO2) was obtained from the Colorado Serum Company (Denver, CO, USA).

Techniques:

Journal: Microbiology Spectrum

Article Title: Genetic basis of clarithromycin resistance in Bacillus anthracis

doi: 10.1128/spectrum.04180-23

Figure Lengend Snippet: Alignment of rplV . A segment of the rplV gene in B. anthracis Sterne is shown with alignments to clarithromycin-resistance mutants investigated in this study. Increases in clarithromycin MICs corresponding to insertion type are observed. Reverted mutant strains with the rplV insertion deleted through the CRISPR-Cas system (TM026-1 and TM026-8) are also shown with their corresponding drop in CLR MIC back down to the level of the Sterne parent.

Article Snippet: The avirulent B. anthracis Sterne (lacking plasmid pXO2) was obtained from the Colorado Serum Company (Denver, CO, USA).

Techniques: Mutagenesis, CRISPR

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Beyond the spore, the exosporium sugar anthrose impacts vegetative Bacillus anthracis gene regulation in cis and trans

doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-32162-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Analysis of the exosporium by fiber topographical surface plot and western blot. ( A ) An example of a single spore image that was analyzed using Fiji to ‘peel’ the exosporium nap layer from the spore surface. ( B ) Ten randomly selected B. anthracis Sterne WT, Δ antC , Δ antC /COMP spores had their exosporium nap arrayed. ( C ) These same ten spores had their nap layers converted to a topographical 3D surface plot to ease visualization of the electron density associated with the TEM images. ( D ) The black and white images in ( B ) were converted to histograms and their areas determined. * p < 0.05; ns = not significant. Individual values, averages and 95% CI are shown. ( E ) Polyclonal Ab to rBclA was used to blot 1 × 10 7 purified spores of each strain. The red arrow indicates a slight decrease in molecular weight associated with deletion of anthrose. ( F ) The same spore preps in ( E ) were blotted against pooled human AVA serum, indicating immune reactivity to spore antigen. High molecular weight regions coinciding with BclA reactivity in ( E ) are indicated by the dashed bracket.

Article Snippet: B. anthracis Sterne 34F2 was obtained from Colorado Serum Company (USA) and grown with BHI broth or agar (Becton Dickinson: Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) or heart infusion broth (HIB); (Research Products International: Mount Prospect, IL, USA) at 37 °C.

Techniques: Western Blot, Purification, Molecular Weight, High Molecular Weight

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Beyond the spore, the exosporium sugar anthrose impacts vegetative Bacillus anthracis gene regulation in cis and trans

doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-32162-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Luminescent expression patterns from important B. anthracis promoters are affected by anthrose status. Growth and luminescent expression experiments in HIB + Km10 were used to characterize expression of lux from the ( A ) P ant , ( B ) P atxA , ( C ) P lef , ( D ) P pagA and ( E ) P sigF promoters over 48 h. In each graph, growth (OD at 600 nm; first column of graphs) or luminescence (RLU; second column of graphs) of the Sterne WT is in blue and the Sterne Δ antC mutants is in red. Luminescent imaging of solid plate colonies at 24 h are below the broth time courses. Growth and luminescent curve data from two independent experiments carried out in triplicate with the mean and standard error of the mean at each timepoint shown.

Article Snippet: B. anthracis Sterne 34F2 was obtained from Colorado Serum Company (USA) and grown with BHI broth or agar (Becton Dickinson: Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) or heart infusion broth (HIB); (Research Products International: Mount Prospect, IL, USA) at 37 °C.

Techniques: Expressing, Imaging

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Beyond the spore, the exosporium sugar anthrose impacts vegetative Bacillus anthracis gene regulation in cis and trans

doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-32162-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Edema factor, lethal factor and protective antigen secretion by B. anthracis Sterne 34F2 are perturbed in the absence of anthrose. To confirm luminescent expression studies B. anthracis Sterne WT, Δ antC , and Δ antC /COMP strains were grown in HIB + Km 10 in the presence of protease inhibitors in triplicate, filter purified 24 h supernatant samples. The ODs at 600 nm were measured over time ( A ) and the supernatants were blotted for ( B ) Edema factor, ( C ) Lethal factor, or ( D ) Protective antigen. Individual band intensities, their average, and SD are shown as a percent of wildtype (WT). A repeated measures one-way ANOVA was run on the growth curve timepoints and the optical densities were not significantly different than WT in ( A ). One-way ANOVA tests were used to determine significant differences of the band intensities in ( B – D ). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: B. anthracis Sterne 34F2 was obtained from Colorado Serum Company (USA) and grown with BHI broth or agar (Becton Dickinson: Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) or heart infusion broth (HIB); (Research Products International: Mount Prospect, IL, USA) at 37 °C.

Techniques: Expressing, Purification

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Beyond the spore, the exosporium sugar anthrose impacts vegetative Bacillus anthracis gene regulation in cis and trans

doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-32162-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Anthrose induces changes in expression of protective antigen and affects global gene regulation in B. anthracis Sterne. ( A ) The B. anthracis Sterne protective antigen (PA) luminescent reporter strain was grown with (purple line) and without (green line) 100 μg/ml pure anthrose for 48 h. ( B ) The B. anthracis Sterne Δ antC protective antigen (PA) luminescent reporter strain was grown in BHI broth with (purple line) and without (red line)100 μg/ml pure anthrose for 48 h. Growth curves were carried out in triplicate with the OD at 600 nm and the average relative luminescent units (RLU) and standard error of the mean presented at each time point. ( C ) Experimental design to measure global transcriptomic levels at 30 min and 2 h after adding 10 μg/ml of pure anthrose to log-phase B. anthracis Sterne grown in BHI. Each sample was collected from three experiments and submitted to RNA-seq. ( D ) Gene expression of B. anthracis Sterne 30 min after addition of 10 μg/ml of pure anthrose compared to mock (water) treated culture grown in parallel and ( E ) after 2 h compared to mock (water) treated culture grown in parallel. Red dots indicate significant genes that experience a fold-change greater than 2 or less than -2 and have a false discovery rate less than 0.05. ( F ) String network functional analysis of 30 min gene clusters with BAS loci labels. The red cluster are related to glucokinase processes, the teal are ATP-transmembrane processes, and yellow are involved in sugar metabolism. Lines connecting genes are different evidence of interaction. ( G ) String network functional analysis of 2 h gene clusters with BAS locus labels. Nucleoside monophosphate (GMP and CTP) biosynthetic processes are part of the red cluster, the salmon group is glycolytic processes, yellow are other carbon metabolic processes, and green are involved in chemotaxis/two-component systems. Lines connecting genes are different evidence of interaction.

Article Snippet: B. anthracis Sterne 34F2 was obtained from Colorado Serum Company (USA) and grown with BHI broth or agar (Becton Dickinson: Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) or heart infusion broth (HIB); (Research Products International: Mount Prospect, IL, USA) at 37 °C.

Techniques: Expressing, RNA Sequencing, Gene Expression, Functional Assay, Chemotaxis Assay

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Beyond the spore, the exosporium sugar anthrose impacts vegetative Bacillus anthracis gene regulation in cis and trans

doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-32162-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Significant genes from the 30 min timepoint. Gene loci are listed according to NCBI Sterne RefSeq assembly GCF_000832635.1 (Locus AW20) with the RefSeq assembly GCF_000008165.1 loci provided (Locus BAS) where available. Protein name and functions are according to PATRIC and the log 2 FC are shown.

Article Snippet: B. anthracis Sterne 34F2 was obtained from Colorado Serum Company (USA) and grown with BHI broth or agar (Becton Dickinson: Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) or heart infusion broth (HIB); (Research Products International: Mount Prospect, IL, USA) at 37 °C.

Techniques: Membrane

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Beyond the spore, the exosporium sugar anthrose impacts vegetative Bacillus anthracis gene regulation in cis and trans

doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-32162-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Significant genes from the the 2 h timepoint. atxA did not experience a significant fold-change however the FDR did make the cutoff. Bolded entries indicate the gene is present on the virulence plasmid pXO1. Gene loci are listed according to NCBI Sterne RefSeq assembly GCF_000832635.1 (Locus AW20) with the RefSeq assembly GCF_000008165.1 loci provided (Locus BAS) where available. Protein name and functions are according to PATRIC and the log 2 FC are shown.

Article Snippet: B. anthracis Sterne 34F2 was obtained from Colorado Serum Company (USA) and grown with BHI broth or agar (Becton Dickinson: Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) or heart infusion broth (HIB); (Research Products International: Mount Prospect, IL, USA) at 37 °C.

Techniques: Plasmid Preparation, Histone Deacetylase Assay, Chemotaxis Assay, Membrane, Binding Assay, Activation Assay

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Beyond the spore, the exosporium sugar anthrose impacts vegetative Bacillus anthracis gene regulation in cis and trans

doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-32162-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Luminescent expression patterns of B. anthracis virulence related promoters are affected by nutrient components. Luminescent expression patterns of ( A ) Sterne WT P atxA - lux ( B ) Sterne Δ antC P atxA - lux ( C ) Sterne WT P lef - lux and ( D ) Sterne Δ antC P lef - lux , (grown in BHI + Km 10 (purple lines), HIB + Km10 (orange lines), or HIB + Km10 + 2 mg/ml glucose (red lines) show anthrose status has different effects on expression in high protein versus high sugar nutrient conditions.

Article Snippet: B. anthracis Sterne 34F2 was obtained from Colorado Serum Company (USA) and grown with BHI broth or agar (Becton Dickinson: Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) or heart infusion broth (HIB); (Research Products International: Mount Prospect, IL, USA) at 37 °C.

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Beyond the spore, the exosporium sugar anthrose impacts vegetative Bacillus anthracis gene regulation in cis and trans

doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-32162-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Anthrose and decoyinine have similar effects on expression profiles of toxin related genes. Luminescent expression patterns of ( A ) Sterne WT P ant - lux , ( B ) Sterne WT P atxA - lux , ( C ) Sterne WT P lef - lux, ( D ) Sterne WT P pagA - lux, ( E ) Sterne Δ antC P ant - lux, ( F ) Sterne Δ antC P atxA - lux, ( G ) Sterne Δ antC P lef - lux and ( H ) Sterne Δ antC P pagA - lux grown in HIB + Km 10 (red lines), HIB + Km10 + pure anthrose (orange lines), or HIB + Km10 + decoyinine (purple lines) show exogenous anthrose has similar impacts on gene expression as decoyinine in high protein, low sugar conditions; and mostly during stationary phase.

Article Snippet: B. anthracis Sterne 34F2 was obtained from Colorado Serum Company (USA) and grown with BHI broth or agar (Becton Dickinson: Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) or heart infusion broth (HIB); (Research Products International: Mount Prospect, IL, USA) at 37 °C.

Techniques: Expressing, Gene Expression

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Beyond the spore, the exosporium sugar anthrose impacts vegetative Bacillus anthracis gene regulation in cis and trans

doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-32162-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Co-culture with anthrose positive strains affects expression of virulence related and anthrose biosynthetic genes. Luminescent expression patterns of ( A ) Sterne WT P ant -lux , ( B ) Sterne WT P atxA -lux , ( C ) Sterne WT P lef - lux, ( D ) Sterne WT P pagA - lux, ( E ) Sterne Δ antC P ant -lux , ( F ) Sterne Δ antC P atxA -lux , ( G ) Sterne Δ antC P lef - lux, ( H ) Sterne Δ antC P pagA - lux when grown in BHI at a 50:50 mixture with Sterne WT EV strain (blue lines in each graph) or Sterne Δ antC EV strain (red lines in each graph). ( I ) Shows that pure cultures of either the Sterne WT EV strain or Sterne Δ antC EV strain are not luminescent. ( J–R ) are the same co-culture strains as ( A – I ) but were grown in HIB.

Article Snippet: B. anthracis Sterne 34F2 was obtained from Colorado Serum Company (USA) and grown with BHI broth or agar (Becton Dickinson: Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) or heart infusion broth (HIB); (Research Products International: Mount Prospect, IL, USA) at 37 °C.

Techniques: Co-Culture Assay, Expressing

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Fast and Sensitive Alignment of Microbial Whole Genome Sequencing Reads to Large Sequence Datasets on a Desktop PC: Application to Metagenomic Datasets and Pathogen Identification

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103441

Figure Lengend Snippet: Analysis of known and unknown B. anthracis strains.

Article Snippet: A) Strain included in the database ( B. anthraci s strain Sterne (NCBI taxon id: 260799), 104574 synthetic reads, Dataset F). , , , .

Techniques:

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Fast and Sensitive Alignment of Microbial Whole Genome Sequencing Reads to Large Sequence Datasets on a Desktop PC: Application to Metagenomic Datasets and Pathogen Identification

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103441

Figure Lengend Snippet: Benchmark datasets.

Article Snippet: A) Strain included in the database ( B. anthraci s strain Sterne (NCBI taxon id: 260799), 104574 synthetic reads, Dataset F). , , , .

Techniques: Sampling, Sequencing

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Bacillus anthracis chain length, a virulence determinant, is regulated by a transmembrane Ser/Thr protein kinase PrkC

doi: 10.1101/2020.03.15.992834

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Multiple sequence alignment of PrkC in different pathogenic bacteria ( Bacillus anthracis Sterne, Bacillus cereus, Legionella pneumophilia and Streptococcus pneumoniae) using T-Coffee program. The symbols used in the fig are indicative of: “ *” - perfect alignment, “:” - strongly similar residues and “.” – weakly similar residues. (B) A phylogenetic tree representing the evolutionary relationship of PrkC in above-mentioned pathogens. It was generated using Neighbor-Joining analysis conducted in MEGA X. The sequences used for alignment in panel A are included to generate the tree. The tree is drawn to scale with branch lengths.

Article Snippet: B. anthracis Sterne strain 34F2 (BAS WT) was obtained from Colorado Serum Company and prkC gene knockout strain (BAS Δ prkC ) was a gift from Jonathan Dworkin, Department of Microbiology, Columbia University, USA.

Techniques: Sequencing, Generated